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BLOCK -2
FEUDALISM AND RISE OF URBAN CENTRES
UNIT -1
MANORIAL SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Name the social system formed on the basis of land ownership in medieval Europe
Ans. Feudalism
2. Which system was replaced by Norman feudalism?
Ans. Anglo saxon system
3. Which conquest led to the origin of feudalism in England?
Ans. Norman conquest
4. Who introduced the feudal system in England?
Ans. William 1
5. Which where the two systems that existed in middle Europe?
Ans. Feudalism and manorial system
6. Mention the system under which agriculture was organised in medieval Europe
Ans. Manorial system
7. Identify the four stages of the feudal system
Ans. King,vassal,knights,lords
8. Which period was the peak of the black death
Ans. 1347-1352
9. What was another word for a peasant under feudal system?
Ans.serf
10. Who dominated the feudal system?
Ans.kings and lords
1. Explain the factors that led to the decline of the manorial system
Ans. Both feudalism and manorialism declined due to several developments in the late middle ages one particular blow came from the sudden population decline caused by wars and plague particularly the black death. Another frequent risk to everyone's live lifehood was crop failure such crisis caused acronic shortage of labour and the abundant of estate because there was no one to work them the growth of large towns and cities also result in labourers leaving the countryside in large numbers in search of a better future and many succeeded in getting new jobs available there working for a new and wealthy merchant class another reason for the decline was the number of revolts by the peasantry against their laws England for instance witness a peasant revolt in 1381CE which caused a strong blow to the memorial system.
Finally the increase in the use of co-orinage in the late middle ages resulted in many serfs making a payment to their lord instead of labour paying a fee to be absolved from some of the labour expected of them or even buying their freedom.
2. According to feudal manner explain the lifestyle of serfs in medieval Europe
Ans. The economic system of the middle ages was founded on feudalism supporting the overlords with the work of serf using compulsory labour. Serfdom was a type of survive bounded occurring mostly among many many across Europe is a form of an unfree peasant a serf could not move from place to place because they were essentially tied to the land of the lord they served.
Serfdom was determined by birth meaning is it once parents were serf one would become a serf and so would once sons and daughters the serf were not slaves but they had no right to free movement and payment for their labour the serf worked the demesne land of their lord 2 or 3 days each week more during periods like harvest time on the other days serf could farm that land given to them for their own family needs the personal property of a serf and his simple thatched house of mud and stroke or belong to the land owner fees to their lords such as on the marriage of the lords eldest daughter etc from morning to night the serf where closely watched supervisor and order to do various task they were born on land and lived out their lives there.
UNIT - 2
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. When did the Roman emperor issue the degree to practice Christianity freely?
Ans.313CE
2. Give the other name of the middle ages coined by historians
Ans. Age of faith (Dark Ages)
3. When were the constitutions of cardan introduced?
Ans.1164CE
4. Name the tax imposed by the church in the medieval period
Ans.tithe
5. Name the arch bishop who had a conflict with Henry second
Ans. Thomas becket,archbishop of Canterbury
6. Which king of Britain signed the Magna Carta
Ans.king John
7. When was the magnacarta signed
Ans.june 15,1215
8. In which year did Christianity become the recognised religion of the Roman empire?
Ans.395CE
9. What is Magna Carta?
Ans. Charter of rights
10. How many clauses are included in Magna Carta
Ans. 63clauses
1. The church was the centre of medieval life in western Europe explain the statement
Ans. During the middle ages the church acquired great economic power by the year 1050 the church was the largest landholder in Europe some land came in the form of gift from monarch and wealthy lots the medieval Church added to its wealth by collecting a tax called tithe. Each person was expected to give one 10th of his money produce or labour to help support the church the church also came to weld great political power the increase influence of the church brought it into conflict with many English monarch the conflict between Henry second and Thomas Becket the arch bishop of Canterbury is an example.
2. What are the drawbacks of Magna Carta
Ans. One of the major drawbacks of the Magna Carta was it assured fundamental rights only to the freeman and nobles of the kingdom while continue to negate the rights of the majority of people who were peasants. In other words it was largely a feudal agreement to protect the prestige and privileges of the nobles and the barons. In 1904 the lawyer and writer Edward jenks wrote and iconoclastic essay title "the myth of magnacarta."in it he argued that magnacarta's repetition as a guarantee of civil liberty's and human rights is Miss leading and even false". History in nowadays postulate that magnacarta was just a negotiation between King John and the barrons over feudal rights and the justice system not a statement of human rights despite all its drawbacks the magna Carta has been considered the most renowned constitutional document in British history.
UNIT - 3
CRUSADES
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. When did pope urban second call on western Christians to aid their eastern Christian brethren?
Ans.1095
2. When did the crusader army begin the arduos journey from Europe to Constantinople?
Ans.1096
3. What was the crusaders great prize during the first crusade?
Ans.capturing of Jerusalem in the year 1099
4. What was the time period of the first crusade?
Ans.1095-1099CE
5. In which cruise said did England first join?
Ans.third crusade
6. When did saladin in conquer Jerusalem?
Ans.october 2,1187
7. Who was regarded as the greatest crusader king
Ans.Richard 1
8. Who became the French monarch after King John's death?
Ans.charles 5 th
9. Who defeated the Yourkish King Richard 3rd during the civil war?
Ans.Henry Tudor
10. When did the hundred years war end?
Ans.1453
1. What are the major impact of hundred years war
Ans. England suffered a decline in trade especially wool and gascan wine. The war also witnessed developments in weapon technology such as canons and English langbow English common people suffered a lot during war time the monarchs imposed heavy taxes to meet the war expenses especially under Richard second English patience revolt in 1381 during Richard seconds administration was the direct impact of heavy taxes imposed at the time of hundred years war the most obvious result of the hundred years war was that both France and England where determined to avoid a revival of such a conflict in which both sides wasted their man power and resources without much benefit.
The English defeat in the hundred years war seems to be a blessing in really in England rulers and their population like eagerly turned their energy's to other projects England turned her attention to becoming a sea power and give up her attends at expansion on the continent in the course of time England become a great navel and colonial power England's control overseas and international trade expendied at great length in the forth coming centuries.
2. What are the results of the crusades
Ans. The crusades kept Europe tumultuous for two centuries. It resulted in the death of a lot people some estimate their loss of life at a minimum of 1 million over the two centuries the cruises affected English society in many ways the exhortation of holy war by the pope and a great influence on the people from the third crsade onwards most English people from kings to serfs actually participated in the war to meet the war expenses English monarchs collected special taxes from the subjects one such that realised during the time of Henry second was called saladin tithe.
The crusades had an unfavourable impact on feudalism the crusades helped to undermine feudalism 1000 of barons and knights sold their lands in order to race money for going on the crusading expenditure thousands of feudal lords were killed in the crusade and their estates where confiscated by the crown there declared in both numbers and influence caused the growth of royal authority and power all these contributed to the decline of feudalism in England. One of the most important effects of the crusades was on Trade and commerce the crusades create a constant demand for the transportation of men and supplies it encourages ship building and extended the market for eastern goods in Europe.
The influence of the crusades on the intellectual development of Europe was also very important the east at the time of the middle ages surfaced the west in civilization the crusaders enjoy the advantages which came from travelling in strange lands and among and familiar peoples they went out from their castles or villages to see great cities marble palaces superb crusaders return to their land with fliner taste broader ideas and wider sympathy the crusades open the new world then knowledge of the science and learning of the east gained by the crusaders during war time greatly stimulated Latin intellect it help to awake and western Europe and finally result in the great intellectual outdoors known as the revival of learning and the Renaissance period.
UNIT - 4
DECLINE OF FEUDALISM
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Who wrote the work" studies in the development of capitalism"?
Ans. Maurice dobb
2. When did the bonic plague first struck Europe
Ans.1346-1351
3. When did English peasant revolt happen?
Ans.1381
4. Who wrote the book" the English wool trade in the middle ages"?
Ans.T.H Lloyd
5. Which bacteria caused the outbreak of the black death plague?
Ans. Yersinia pestis
6. Who was the king when the parliament passed the legislation of the statue of labourers?
Ans.Edward third
7. How many people were killed due to the plague in Europe?
Ans.24million
8. Who authered " a crisis in feudalism"?
Ans.Rodney Hilton
1. What are the effects of the black death?
Ans. Black death had a profound impact on the lives of English people it deeply affected the social economic and religious Spears among the most important immediate consequences of the black death in England was a short age of farm labour the shortage of labour caused a corresponding rice in wages many arabel lands in England lay and cultivated due to the lack of farmers caused by the Black death.
It was in this background that the parliament passed legislation called the statue of labours in 1351. Under the auspices of king Edward third the legislation reads: "everyone under the age of 60 accept traders craftsman and those with private means had to work for wages which were set at their various preplagu levels" the legislation also made an offence for landless men to seek new masters or to be offered higher wages.
So the legislation prohibited requesting or offering a wage higher than pre plague the standards and limited moments of workers in search of better conditions workers who violet the statue of labourers were find and where put in stocks. This was the background of a strong and violent peasants revolt in 1381. Does black that contributed in directly to the peasants revolt.
Another immediate consequence of the black death was the temporary heart to the combines of hundred years war the phantomic diverted the attention of monarchs from war efforts to secure life the inception of sheep farming in England was another impact of the black death.
2. What are the causes for the decline of feudalism?
Ans. In England political developments during the 12th and 13th centuries helped to we can feudalism William the conqueror took many measures to the power of feudal lords he wanted to established royale supremacy over feudal lords by the famous oath of salisbury he brought all feudal lords and barrens in England under his control and strengt the power and prestige of the royal authority his measures clearly paved the way for the weakening of feudal tendencies and also helped to undermine the power of feudal lords. Henry second main legal reforms a central concern of his region he's legal reforms sstrengthened and the power of royal courts at the expense of feudal lords.
Another reason for the decline of feudalism was the black death caused by the bubonic plague which affected all of Europe Bubonic plague first struck Europe in1346 to 1351. It return in waves that occurred about every decay till the 15th century the plague to a terrible role on the population of England history and estimate that around 24 million Europeans died of the plague about a third of the population the depth of many people accelerated changes in Europe economic and social structure which contributed to the decline of feudalism.
The hundred years war also helped in the decline of feudalism in England the war contributed to the decline of feudalism by helping to shift power from feudal lords to monarch and common people during war time the monarchs of England collected taxes and raised large professional armies as a result as much or nobles to supply nights for the army the most permanent impact of the war in England was the emergence of a greater sense of patriotism and national identity after the war many English farmers and common people felt more loyal to the monarch than their feudal lords.
The crusade also greatly contributed to the decline of the feudal system during the crusades a large number of feudal lords lost their lives which give a set back to the feudal system as a result a large number of serfs attained  freedom.
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